Solving a spintronic mystery

Public release date: 27-Feb-2012
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Contact: Lynn Yarris
lcyarris@lbl.gov
510-486-5375
DOE/Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

Berkeley Lab and Notre Dame researchers resolve controversy over gallium manganese arsenide that could boost spintronic performance

A long-standing controversy regarding the semiconductor gallium manganese arsenide, one of the most promising materials for spintronic technology, looks to have been resolved. Researchers with the U.S. Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab)in collaboration with scientist from University of Notre Dame have determined the origin of the charge-carriers responsible for the ferromagnetic properties that make gallium manganese arsenide such a hot commodity for spintronic devices. Such devices utilize electron spin rather than charge to read and write data, resulting in smaller, faster and much cheaper data storage and processing.

Wladek Walukiewicz, a physicist with Berkeley Lab's Materials Sciences Division and Margaret Dobrowolska, a physicist at Notre Dame, led a study in which it was shown that the holes (positively-charged energy spaces) in gallium manganese arsenide that control the Curie temperature, the temperature at which magnetism is lost, are located in an impurity energy band rather than a valence energy band, as many scientists have argued. This finding opens the possibility of fabricating gallium manganese arsenide so as to expand the width and occupation of the impurity band and thereby boost the Curie temperature to improve spintronic potential.

"Our results challenge the valence band picture for gallium manganese arsenide and point to the existence of an impurity band, created by even moderate to high doping levels of manganese," Walukiewicz says. "It is the location and partially localized nature of holes within this impurity band that drives the value of the Curie temperature."

The results of this study have been published in the journal Nature Materials in a paper titled "Controlling the Curie temperature in (Ga,Mn)As through location of the Fermi level within the impurity band." Co-authoring the paper with Walukiewicz and Dobrowolska were Kritsanu Tivakornsasithorn, Xinyu Liu, Jacek Furdyna, Mona Berciu and Kin Man Yu.

As a commercial semiconductor, gallium arsenide is second only to silicon. Substitute some of the gallium atoms with atoms of manganese and you get a ferromagnetic semiconductor that is well-suited for spintronic devices. While it has been established that the ferromagnetism of gallium manganese arsenide is hole-mediated, the nature of the hole-states, which has a direct and crucial bearing on its Curie temperature, has been vigorously debated.

In semiconductors and other solid-state materials, the valence band is the range of energies in which the movement of charge is determined by availability of holes. Doping gallium arsenide with manganese can create an impurity band that depletes the valence band and shifts the Fermi level, the energy level at which the electronic states below are filled and those states above are empty.

"The question has been whether the holes mediating the interactions of manganese spins reside in a delocalized valence band, or in a manganese-derived partially localized impurity band," Walukiewicz says. "The valence band model assumes that a separate impurity band does not exist for manganese concentrations higher than about two-percent."

Walukiewicz and his co-authors addressed the issue through channeling experiments that measured the concentrations of manganese atoms and holes relevant to the ferromagnetic order in gallium manganese arsenide. These experiments were carried out at Berkeley Lab's Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry laboratory, which is operated under the direction of co-author Kin Man Yu. The results of these experiments were then combined with magnetization, transport and magneto-optical data performed at the University of Notre Dame.

"We were able to determine where the manganese atoms were located, what fraction of this total replaced gallium and acted as electron acceptors (meaning they created ferromagnetic-mediating holes), and what fraction was in the interstitial sites, acting as positively-charged double donors compensating for a fraction of manganese acceptors," Walukiewicz says. "Taking all our data together, we find that the Curie temperature of gallium manganese arsenide can be understood only by assuming that its ferromagnetism is mediated by holes residing in the impurity band, and that it is the location of the Fermi level within the impurity band that determines the Curie temperature."

Electron spin is a quantum mechanical property arising from the magnetic moment of a spinning electron. Spin carries a directional value of either "up" or "down" and can be used to encode data in the 0s and 1s of the binary system. Walukiewicz says that understanding the factors that control the Curie temperature can serve as a guide for strategies to optimize ferromagnetic materials for spintronic applications.

"For example, with appropriate control of the manganese ions, either co-doping with donor ions, or modulation doping, we can engineer the location of the Fermi level within the impurity band to best the advantage," he says.

Walukiewicz says the findings of this study further suggest that it should be possible to optimize magnetic coupling and Curie temperature for the whole family of ferromagnetic semiconductors by tuning the binding energy of the acceptor ions.

###

This research was supported in part by the DOE Office of Science, and by grants from the National Science Foundation, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, and the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research.

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory addresses the world's most urgent scientific challenges by advancing sustainable energy, protecting human health, creating new materials, and revealing the origin and fate of the universe. Founded in 1931, Berkeley Lab's scientific expertise has been recognized with 13 Nobel prizes. The University of California manages Berkeley Lab for the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science. For more, visit http://www.lbl.gov.

---

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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Public release date: 27-Feb-2012
[ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Lynn Yarris
lcyarris@lbl.gov
510-486-5375
DOE/Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

Berkeley Lab and Notre Dame researchers resolve controversy over gallium manganese arsenide that could boost spintronic performance

A long-standing controversy regarding the semiconductor gallium manganese arsenide, one of the most promising materials for spintronic technology, looks to have been resolved. Researchers with the U.S. Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab)in collaboration with scientist from University of Notre Dame have determined the origin of the charge-carriers responsible for the ferromagnetic properties that make gallium manganese arsenide such a hot commodity for spintronic devices. Such devices utilize electron spin rather than charge to read and write data, resulting in smaller, faster and much cheaper data storage and processing.

Wladek Walukiewicz, a physicist with Berkeley Lab's Materials Sciences Division and Margaret Dobrowolska, a physicist at Notre Dame, led a study in which it was shown that the holes (positively-charged energy spaces) in gallium manganese arsenide that control the Curie temperature, the temperature at which magnetism is lost, are located in an impurity energy band rather than a valence energy band, as many scientists have argued. This finding opens the possibility of fabricating gallium manganese arsenide so as to expand the width and occupation of the impurity band and thereby boost the Curie temperature to improve spintronic potential.

"Our results challenge the valence band picture for gallium manganese arsenide and point to the existence of an impurity band, created by even moderate to high doping levels of manganese," Walukiewicz says. "It is the location and partially localized nature of holes within this impurity band that drives the value of the Curie temperature."

The results of this study have been published in the journal Nature Materials in a paper titled "Controlling the Curie temperature in (Ga,Mn)As through location of the Fermi level within the impurity band." Co-authoring the paper with Walukiewicz and Dobrowolska were Kritsanu Tivakornsasithorn, Xinyu Liu, Jacek Furdyna, Mona Berciu and Kin Man Yu.

As a commercial semiconductor, gallium arsenide is second only to silicon. Substitute some of the gallium atoms with atoms of manganese and you get a ferromagnetic semiconductor that is well-suited for spintronic devices. While it has been established that the ferromagnetism of gallium manganese arsenide is hole-mediated, the nature of the hole-states, which has a direct and crucial bearing on its Curie temperature, has been vigorously debated.

In semiconductors and other solid-state materials, the valence band is the range of energies in which the movement of charge is determined by availability of holes. Doping gallium arsenide with manganese can create an impurity band that depletes the valence band and shifts the Fermi level, the energy level at which the electronic states below are filled and those states above are empty.

"The question has been whether the holes mediating the interactions of manganese spins reside in a delocalized valence band, or in a manganese-derived partially localized impurity band," Walukiewicz says. "The valence band model assumes that a separate impurity band does not exist for manganese concentrations higher than about two-percent."

Walukiewicz and his co-authors addressed the issue through channeling experiments that measured the concentrations of manganese atoms and holes relevant to the ferromagnetic order in gallium manganese arsenide. These experiments were carried out at Berkeley Lab's Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry laboratory, which is operated under the direction of co-author Kin Man Yu. The results of these experiments were then combined with magnetization, transport and magneto-optical data performed at the University of Notre Dame.

"We were able to determine where the manganese atoms were located, what fraction of this total replaced gallium and acted as electron acceptors (meaning they created ferromagnetic-mediating holes), and what fraction was in the interstitial sites, acting as positively-charged double donors compensating for a fraction of manganese acceptors," Walukiewicz says. "Taking all our data together, we find that the Curie temperature of gallium manganese arsenide can be understood only by assuming that its ferromagnetism is mediated by holes residing in the impurity band, and that it is the location of the Fermi level within the impurity band that determines the Curie temperature."

Electron spin is a quantum mechanical property arising from the magnetic moment of a spinning electron. Spin carries a directional value of either "up" or "down" and can be used to encode data in the 0s and 1s of the binary system. Walukiewicz says that understanding the factors that control the Curie temperature can serve as a guide for strategies to optimize ferromagnetic materials for spintronic applications.

"For example, with appropriate control of the manganese ions, either co-doping with donor ions, or modulation doping, we can engineer the location of the Fermi level within the impurity band to best the advantage," he says.

Walukiewicz says the findings of this study further suggest that it should be possible to optimize magnetic coupling and Curie temperature for the whole family of ferromagnetic semiconductors by tuning the binding energy of the acceptor ions.

###

This research was supported in part by the DOE Office of Science, and by grants from the National Science Foundation, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, and the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research.

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory addresses the world's most urgent scientific challenges by advancing sustainable energy, protecting human health, creating new materials, and revealing the origin and fate of the universe. Founded in 1931, Berkeley Lab's scientific expertise has been recognized with 13 Nobel prizes. The University of California manages Berkeley Lab for the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science. For more, visit http://www.lbl.gov.

---

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?

AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-02/dbnl-sas022712.php

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Everything old was new again at the Oscars

Billy Crystal performs during the 84th Academy Awards on Sunday, Feb. 26, 2012, in the Hollywood section of Los Angeles. (AP Photo/Mark J. Terrill)

Billy Crystal performs during the 84th Academy Awards on Sunday, Feb. 26, 2012, in the Hollywood section of Los Angeles. (AP Photo/Mark J. Terrill)

Angelina Jolie presents an award during the 84th Academy Awards on Sunday, Feb. 26, 2012, in the Hollywood section of Los Angeles. (AP Photo/Mark J. Terrill)

Jennifer Lopez, left, and Cameron Diaz present an award during the 84th Academy Awards on Sunday, Feb. 26, 2012, in the Hollywood section of Los Angeles. (AP Photo/Mark J. Terrill)

Best actress Meryl Streep, left, for "The Iron Lady" and best actor Jean Dujardin for "The Artist" pose with their awards during the 84th Academy Awards on Sunday, Feb. 26, 2012, in the Hollywood section of Los Angeles. (AP Photo/Joel Ryan)

Actresses Viola Davis, right, and Octavia Spencer pose together before the 84th Academy Awards on Sunday, Feb. 26, 2012, in the Hollywood section of Los Angeles. (AP Photo/Amy Sancetta)

Justin Bieber wasn't mincing words. "I'm here to bring you the 18 to 24-year-old demographic," the teen pop star told Billy Crystal in the opening Oscar montage. "So, how long do you want me to stay here for?"

The two were spoofing "Midnight in Paris," a film about time travel, and actually it did feel like Bieber had swooped in from the future. Because everything else about this year's Oscars had a distinct vintage feel, from the honored films harking back to early years of cinema, to the longevity of some of the winners, to Crystal himself, hosting for the ninth time.

Did the Return of Crystal achieve its purpose? The reviews were mixed, with some loving his familiar zingers, others feeling they were more than stale.

But Crystal can claim a victory for the over-60 set: The Nielsen Co. estimated Monday that 39.3 million people watched the Oscars on ABC Sunday night, up from the 37.9 million viewers during the much-panned 2011 show where the much younger James Franco and Anne Hathaway shared hosting duties.

Much has been made of the retro feel that characterized the two most-honored films: Best picture-winner "The Artist," a black-and-white, mostly silent paean to old Hollywood (it also took best director and actor), and "Hugo," an equally loving evocation of the early days of cinema, which took a fistful of technical awards.

But one could argue they were honored not because of a sudden wave of nostalgia, but because the craft involved in making them was fresh and creative. "If they weren't enormously inventive," says film historian Leonard Maltin, "nothing else would have mattered." Nobody, he reasons, had been crying out for a resurrection of the silent film or a movie that honors film pioneer Georges Melies.

But it was no coincidence that the Oscars brought back Crystal, who swooped in to save the day after Eddie Murphy pulled out. (Murphy had stepped down in solidarity with Brett Ratner, who resigned as producer of the show after making a gay slur.)

The choice of host also inevitably seemed like a reaction to the "young and hip" fiasco of last year's show, which tried to lure younger viewers with its attractive young hosts, only to falter, especially because Franco so relentlessly laid-back, it seemed like he wanted to be backstage partying. Meanwhile, when Crystal came on for a cameo, he received a standing ovation from the joke-starved crowd before he even spoke.

Some of Crystal's routines Sunday won praise: The montage where he inserts himself into films was typically clever, and included a kiss on the lips from George Clooney ? never a bad thing.

The host's best jokes were those that poked fun at the Oscars themselves: "Nothing takes the sting out of these tough economic times like watching a bunch of millionaires giving golden statues to each other," he quipped.

But a few others fell flat, including what some felt was an ill-advised moment in blackface for Crystal when he reprised his old "Saturday Night Live" impersonation of Sammy Davis Jr.

Maltin, a veteran watcher of Oscar telecasts, pronounced Crystal a success.

"It wasn't just his opening montage or song parody ? we've seen that before," he said. "It was the way he kept the ceremony lively and punctuated it with zingers and laugh lines. Not too many people can do that."

Comedian Andy Borowitz, who always keeps up a vigorous Oscar-night Twitter feed, had a different perspective.

"At 82, Christopher Plummer is 18 years younger than this Oscar show's jokes," he tweeted.

At another point, he wrote "This shtick feels old," then attributed the quote to his grandparents. At another point: "I never thought I'd say this, but I miss ... James Franco."

Age was a constant theme. When Plummer won his supporting actor Oscar ? the first of his career ? he spoke to the statuette: "You're only two years older than me, darling." Crystal then quipped that Plummer's win had bumped the average age of winners up to 67.

And the night was young. Still to come: the 76-year-old Woody Allen's first Oscar since 1987, the original screenplay award for "Midnight in Paris." No, he wasn't there to accept it ? he eschews award ceremonies ? and there was something comfortably familiar about that, too.

Meryl Streep's award for "The Iron Lady," her third Oscar, was also a tribute to longevity ? she'd been nominated 17 times and hadn't won in 29 years. But she chose to speak of longevity of another kind: marital. "Everything I value most in our lives, you gave me," Streep told husband Don, tearfully. She went on to give an equally emotional tribute to her makeup artist, J. Roy Helland, who had worked with her for 37 years.

Streep's minor upset aside ? many had predicted Viola Davis to win for "The Help" ? it was a predictable night. But a few moments stood out for entertainment value: An exaggerated flash of leg by Angelina Jolie, for example, in a high-slit dress got so much attention it had its own Twitter feed, Angie's Right Leg, which had more than 18,000 followers by Monday afternoon.

From Jolie's leg to Jennifer Lopez's, er, cleavage: Her stylist had to issue a statement officially denying speculation that too much of her breast had been revealed by the plunging V-neck of her Zuhair Murad gown.

And for all the talk of predictability, the unpredictability was in the details. If Octavia Spencer's supporting actress Oscar for "The Help" was expected, the spontaneous standing ovation she inspired was not, and it was a highlight of the night. "I'm sorry, I'm freaking out!" she gushed. "Thank you world!"

As for Jean Dujardin of "The Artist," his best-actor speech was a winning mix of Gallic charm, mangled English, and sheer ebullience. That French swear word that popped out at the end, when he tried to express what silent film star George Valentin would have said if he could talk?

Charmant, too.

"Wow! Amazing! Great!" he said, along with that much saltier word. "Thank you very much! I love you!"

Unadulterated bliss at the Oscars? That never gets old.

___

AP Television Writer David Bauder contributed to this report.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/4e67281c3f754d0696fbfdee0f3f1469/Article_2012-02-27-Oscars/id-15eb44c01d2a43729ed5e161585054e7

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Reagan shooter wants to change 'assassin' image (AP)

[unable to retrieve full-text content]AP - The man who tried to kill President Ronald Reagan more than 30 years ago said he would like to be known as something other than a would-be assassin.

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/topstories/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20120225/ap_on_re_us/us_john_hinckley

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Tricks for Buying A New Backpack Tote

A book bag purse is often a very convenient accessory. Not only does the unit use great fashion, but your functionality is pretty incredible. It's not at all a large backpack, but neither would it be a prissy form of purse, it is just a mixture that creates a female complete. There are several advantages for you to carrying a new leather book bag purse pertaining to school, operate, or perhaps casual consumption. The 1st advantage is that it must be easier to handle. Small book bag purses for females are additional practical given that they can hold more with no it allowing you to feel similar to your weight is bulkier. Sometimes you do have a lot to handle with anyone, but very easy all fit into your tote. If you cannot feel similar to carrying hundreds of things as part of your hands because they just don't fit, you could stuff them in a very back group purse and turn into along in little time.

Where could you find a backpack purse?

You should purchase a backpack purse in any woman's equipment shop.

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What include the more popular colors pertaining to lady's book bag and luggage?

Black natural leather backpack bags are the most famous and common nowadays.

On the other hand, other colors including pink, bright, and brown are fashionable. If you need to stay which has a safe coloring, though, you must go using black. Choosing the color that may be associated using business girls, or critical students. If increasingly becoming a book bag purse for ones kids, that may be another subject. Choose large that that they like ideal.

Source: http://leisure.ezinemark.com/tricks-for-buying-a-new-backpack-tote-7d3443492fa6.html

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Seinfeld Risk Management Online Business School

Sorry, Readability was unable to parse this page for content.

Source: http://kolkata-ibrad-businessmanagementschool.org/management/seinfeld-risk-management

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Romney Reads from Santorum's '08 Endorsement to Boost Conservative Creds (ABC News)

Share With Friends: | | Politics - Top Stories Stories, RSS and RSS Feed via Feedzilla.

Source: http://news.feedzilla.com/en_us/stories/politics/top-stories/204623955?client_source=feed&format=rss

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The Volnay Wine Elegance Appeals To Everyone

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Source: http://digg3.com/the-volnay-wine-elegance-appeals-to-everyone/

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Video: Initial Jobless Claims Unchanged

CNBC's Rick Santelli has the data on weekly jobless claims, which are unchanged, and what this means for the economy, with CNBC's Steve Liesman.

Related Links:

Business & financial news headlines from msnbc.com

Top of page

Source: http://video.msnbc.msn.com/cnbc/46496182/

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Are mobile bar codes changing the way consumers shop? - Mobile ...

Mobile bar codes are increasingly gaining momentum and companies such as Toys R Us and Glamour are placing them on billboards and walls ? providing consumers another way to shop their favorite products.

Although the technology is still emerging, it certainly has the opportunity to change the way consumers shop. Brands and marketers are beginning to see the potential of mobile bar codes and are using them in their marketing strategies.

?The immediacy of being able to purchase something you see advertised in a magazine or other out-of-home signage allows consumers to conveniently purchase the product on-the-spot, without having to search or step foot into a store,? said Nicole Skogg, CEO of SpyderLynk, New York .

?We believe that the use of mobile bar codes overall, especially mcommerce-enabled bar codes, will continue to grow as consumers become more familiar with the technology,? she said. ?Adoption rates will also continue to grow as marketers think more strategically about the use of bar codes and become more focused on delivering value.

?Well-executed, mobile bar codes drive consumer consideration and help position a brand as relevant and enticing. Poorly executed mobile bar codes, at best, serve to frustrate consumers and, at worst, are ignored all together.?

On the go shopping
Last year, Toys R Us rolled out a virtual store that let consumers scan QR codes featured on billboards and shop the company?s 2011 Hot Toy List.

On-the-go commuters and travelers in the New York metro area were encouraged to take part in the initiative. The billboards were located in John F. Kennedy International Airport, LaGuardia Airport and nearly 40 NJ Transit Stations feature the showcased items (see story).

Most recently, Glamour unveiled its Apothecary Wall that features products from Unilever and Juicy Couture.

The Apothecary Wall has SpyderLynk Snaptags next to each product. Users are encouraged to download Glamour?s Friends & Fans iPhone app to scan the mobile bar code and buy the featured product right then and there.

?Placement is critical to success in adoption rates,? Ms. Skogg said. ?One of our key messages to our clients is that the placement of a mobile bar code will drive usage.

?Engaged media such as magazines, email, online and street teams at events will drive higher response rates than passive media such as event displays and out-of-home signage like a billboard ? which is typically passed by rather than viewed from a closer proximity while standing still, making it difficult for consumers to engage,? she said. ?There are much more creative ways to deploy bar codes with the Apothecary Wall being an excellent example.

?Glamour?s innovative use of the Apothecary Wall allowed them to extend the reach of the magazine, while making it fun for consumers to shop on-the-spot. By recreating a shopping isle with a 2D design, the Apothecary Wall was intuitive, approachable and easy for consumers to interact with.?

Mobile sophistication
There is an increase in the sophistication of mobile bar codes and their implementation compared to last year.

Brands and marketers are incorporating mobile bar codes across their entire marketing mix.

This comprehensive approach to mobile is giving marketers the ability to model, segment and better target consumers.

Mobile commerce-enabled mobile bar codes give retailers the opportunity to extend the reach of their bricks-and-mortar retail outlets.

?We are beginning to see mobile bar codes have an impact on the retail experience however, there is still much consumer education and awareness needed for mobile bar codes to really change the way consumers shop,? said Laura Marriott, CEO of NeoMedia Technologies, Boulder, CO.

?Many major global brands and retailers, such as Calvin Klein, McDonalds, Macy?s and Target, have helped to increase this awareness by taking advantage of the ability mobile bar codes provide to bring engagement and interactivity to a consumer?s experience with a brand,? she said.

?By simply scanning the mobile bar code, consumers can instantly access an unlimited amount of data on the brand and product of interest ? from product information and reviews to special offers ? but further integration with a brand or retailer?s existing loyalty, CRM or couponing implementations will also help to drive consumer uptake.?

According to Ms. Marriott, mobile bar codes provide an easy, instant means to connect with the brand.

?I believe we will see significant uptake of these services,? Ms. Marriott said. ?Mobile bar codes still have a bit of the newness factor and are fun to engage with, which definitely also helps to drive interactions.

?And making the shopping experience even more accessible to consumers via mobile bar codes, is definitely a winning combination,? she said. ?We do expect to see these types of initiatives becoming more commonplace in the next year, which will help consumers become more comfortable with using their mobile to scan and buy on the go.

?In 2012 we should expect to see a rise in mobile bar code scanning implementations resulting in greater consumer participation, expanded loyalty initiatives and an overall enhanced consumer experience when in-store ? much more than a simple resolution to a Web URL.? Coupled with this, we expect to see hardware solutions in retail support mobile bar code scanning on a much wider basis in 2012.?

Mobile bar codes make shoppers more intelligent wherever they may be.

Consumers access more relevant content based on what their specific interests.

Additionally, with mobile bar codes shoppers can now access product reviews and price comparisons via their mobile device. This allows them to make more informed decisions on the spot when making a purchase.

?We do see some customers getting more comfortable buying products on their mobile devices, but we are not at the mass adoption level yet,? said Mike Wehrs, CEO of Scanbuy, New York. ?Thousands of people made purchases through our app over the holidays as they were scanning UPC codes from products, but there are many ways for retailers to harness that activity.

?Virtual shops are a growing phenomenon which can really enable someone to buy from anywhere,? he said.

Final Take
Rimma Kats is staff reporter on Mobile Commerce, New York

Rimma Kats is staff reporter on Mobile Commerce Daily and Mobile Marketer. Reach her at rimma@mobilemarketer.com.

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Source: http://www.mobilecommercedaily.com/2012/02/23/are-mobile-bar-codes-changing-the-way-consumers-shop

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2 killed in renewed shelling of Syrian city

In this Wednesday, Feb. 22, 2012 citizen journalism image provided by the Local Coordination Committees in Syria and accessed on Thursday, Feb. 23, 2012, flames rise from a house from Syrian government shelling, at Baba Amr neighborhood in Homs province, Syria. A French photojournalist and a prominent American war correspondent working for a British newspaper were killed Wednesday as Syrian forces intensely shelled the opposition stronghold of Homs. (AP Photo/Local Coordination Committees in Syria) THE ASSOCIATED PRESS IS UNABLE TO INDEPENDENTLY VERIFY THE AUTHENTICITY, CONTENT, LOCATION OR DATE OF THIS HANDOUT PHOTO

In this Wednesday, Feb. 22, 2012 citizen journalism image provided by the Local Coordination Committees in Syria and accessed on Thursday, Feb. 23, 2012, flames rise from a house from Syrian government shelling, at Baba Amr neighborhood in Homs province, Syria. A French photojournalist and a prominent American war correspondent working for a British newspaper were killed Wednesday as Syrian forces intensely shelled the opposition stronghold of Homs. (AP Photo/Local Coordination Committees in Syria) THE ASSOCIATED PRESS IS UNABLE TO INDEPENDENTLY VERIFY THE AUTHENTICITY, CONTENT, LOCATION OR DATE OF THIS HANDOUT PHOTO

This image from amateur video purports to show Edith Bouvier of Le Figaro in a makeshift clinic in Homs, Syria, Thursday, Feb. 23, 2012. Bouvier was wounded in shelling Wednesday in Homs. (AP Photo) THE ASSOCIATED PRESS CANNOT INDEPENDENTLY VERIFY THE CONTENT, DATE, LOCATION OR AUTHENTICITY OF THIS MATERIAL.

This image from amateur video and accessed by Associated Press Television News purports to show Paul Conroy of the Sunday Times in a makeshift clinic in Homs, Syria, Thursday, Feb. 23, 2012. Conroy appears in the video and the doctors say he has deep gashes in his left leg. (AP Photo) THE ASSOCIATED PRESS CANNOT INDEPENDENTLY VERIFY THE CONTENT, DATE, LOCATION OR AUTHENTICITY OF THIS MATERIAL.

In this Wednesday, Feb. 22, 2012 citizen journalism image provided by the Local Coordination Committees in Syria and accessed on Thursday, Feb. 23, 2012, anti-Syrian regime protesters hold up Kurdish flags with a fleet of cars during a rally in the northeastern town of Qamishli, Syria. (AP Photo/Local Coordination Committees in Syria) THE ASSOCIATED PRESS IS UNABLE TO INDEPENDENTLY VERIFY THE AUTHENTICITY, CONTENT, LOCATION OR DATE OF THIS HANDOUT PHOTO

In this Wednesday, Feb. 22, 2012 citizen journalism image provided by the Local Coordination Committees in Syria and accessed on Thursday, Feb. 23, 2012, Syrian student protesters chant slogans, during a demonstration against Syrian President Bashar Assad, at the Aleppo University's Square, in the northern city of Aleppo, Syria. President Bashar Assad's regime escalated attacks on rebel bases elsewhere, with helicopter gunships strafing areas in the northwest, activists said. (AP Photo/Local Coordination Committees in Syria) THE ASSOCIATED PRESS IS UNABLE TO INDEPENDENTLY VERIFY THE AUTHENTICITY, CONTENT, LOCATION OR DATE OF THIS HANDOUT PHOTO

BEIRUT (AP) ? At least two people were killed as Syrian troops renewed their shelling of a rebel-held area in the city of Homs on Friday, activists said, as the United States, Europe and Arab nations met in Tunisia to seek ways to ease the crisis.

More than 70 countries will participate in Friday's "Friends of Syria" meeting, which is expected to press Syrian President Bashar Assad to agree to a cease-fire and allow for humanitarian aid to reach the areas that have been hardest-hit by his security forces.

In the run up to the conference, American, European and Arab officials said the group would likely impose harsher sanctions if Assad rejects the cease-fire and predicted that his opponents would grow stronger if he remained in power.

And in an effort to bring an end to the violence, the U.N. announced that former Secretary General Kofi Annan will be the joint U.N.-Arab League envoy to deal with the crisis.

The Tunisia meeting is the latest international effort to end the crisis, which began when protesters, inspired by the Arab Spring uprisings elsewhere, took the streets in some of Syrian impoverished provinces nearly a year ago to call for political change.

Since then, Assad's security forces have violently repressed the uprising, blaming it on Islamic extremists and armed gangs, while members of the originally peaceful opposition have taken up arms.

The U.N. estimated in January that 5,400 people had been killed in the conflict in 2011. Hundreds more have died since. Syrian activists say the death toll is more than 7,300. Overall figures cannot be independently confirmed because Syria has prevented most media from operating inside the country.

Also Friday, U.N.-appointed investigators in Geneva said they had complied a list of Syrian officials accused of crimes against humanity in the crackdown. The list reaches as high as Assad.

Russia and China have long opposed foreign intervention in Syria.

Two people died Friday in the renewed shelling of the Baba Amr neighborhood of Homs, activists said, the latest of hundreds killed there in recent weeks. The neighborhood, under siege and intense shelling for three weeks, has become the center of the revolt.

The activists spoke on condition of anonymity, fearing reprisals.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/cae69a7523db45408eeb2b3a98c0c9c5/Article_2012-02-24-ML-Syria/id-606221f45ded49779a91dd587957d6b0

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What You Must Know Regarding Developmental Disabilities and ...

Developmental disabilities refer to lifelong impairments which are either cognitive (mental) or physical in nature. These disabilities typically show themselves before the age of eighteen and are different from developmental delays. The first step to handling the issue is by finding out all about it.

What are the different causes?

Developmental disabilities are caused by many different factors. One of the most common reasons is very premature birth. This deprives the little one of the opportunity to grow in the mother?s womb. As you may have figured, the time spent in the womb is critical for an infant to fully develop. It?s worth noting that this scenario would not affect all premature births.

Additional circumstances that induce the disability include a brain injury or infection just before, during, or after birth.

Over the first few months of a baby?s life, their head is still incredibly soft given that the skull has not yet yet fully formed. This is the reason it is very important take utmost care when dealing with a baby?s head. The shaking of a child can even lead to long-term effects.

Chromosome and gene abnormalities could also result in such problems. Relevant to this is the possibility of pre or post-natal growth nutrition problems. That is why most physicians suggest a strict pre-natal process for expectant mothers. Drug use and abuse also adds to the potential for giving birth to kids with disabilities.

Coping

Parents of youngsters with disabilities often find themselves stressed after they learn about their child?s condition. Discovery could happen upon birth, after an accident or illness, or as the child grows older. The feeling you get having an impaired child can be likened to the feelings of losing a loved one. Being a parent, it is natural to want a bright future for your child. That?s where the misery comes in. The loss does not pertain to the person but to the aspirations you may have had.

These changes can put lots of stress in any relationship. In fact, parents typically report emotions of anger, frustration, guilt and sadness. Whether you want it or not, you?ll find yourself wondering ?why?? Picking out the guidance of a professional is the best initial step. Take this chance not only to discover ways to cope but to educate yourselves concerning the possible special needs the child may have.

When confronted with this type of scenario, mothers and fathers of youngsters with disabilities have to be sure to be strong. Understand that the strength you demonstrate is not just for you, but your child also. Understand that despite the situation, your kid could live a contented, healthy, and fruitful life. Reinforce that view not only to your child, but to yourself too. ?

In the long run, the quality of your child?s life does not be based upon their capabilities. While your child may not fit the traditional definition of normal, his or her life can still be positive. Do not ever forget that fact.
?

Source: http://www.1directory.net/health-fitness/what-you-must-know-regarding-developmental-disabilities-and-how-to-cope-6989.html

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Queensland Koalas Hit by Chlamydia Infections

[unable to retrieve full-text content]Chlamydia can lead to blindness and cause infertility in females, devastating a koala population already shrinking because of habitat loss, climate change and an AIDS-like immune disease.

Source: http://feeds.nytimes.com/click.phdo?i=71c1440bd41d4b164f838332b10571b1

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Feb 21 2012: Fish & Plant arrival and available today!! - Pembina ...

On 02.21.12, In Just in, by admin

Just in: Lots of aquarium plant species: Windelov java fern Amazon swords Algae moss balls Green ozelot Broad leaf ludwigia And much more This was a bit of a special order of more unique fish We have few VERY large dragon goby?s in stock now. These are scary looking fish but very peaceful. You can [...]

Just in:
Lots of aquarium plant species:

• Windelov java fern
• Amazon swords
• Algae moss balls
• Green ozelot
• Broad leaf ludwigia
• And much more

This was a bit of a special order of more unique fish

Please check back on the site on friday or better yet come in the store for your fish needs because we will once again have our tanks full. Some of the things to look forward to are the Cherry shrimp we are bringing in!

If you enjoyed this article, please consider sharing it!

Source: http://www.pembinavalleypets.com/feb-21-2012-fish-plant-arrival-and-available-today/

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Exclusive: Algeria to allow foreign NGOs to monitor vote (Reuters)

[unable to retrieve full-text content]Reuters - Election observers from U.S. non-governmental organizations the Carter Center and the National Democratic Institute will for the first time be able to monitor a parliamentary election in Algeria later this year, the interior minister said Tuesday.

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/religion/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20120221/wl_nm/us_algeria_vote_minister

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The Advantages of Business Accounting Software

As an entrepreneur setting up a company can be such a challenging experience. Market research has to be carried out, product knowledge must be gained and your marketing plan needs to be so powerful so that you can really make an impact with customers. Following this system will ultimately lead you to a prosperous and flourishing business so when you reach this point you need to invest in the proper book keeping equipment to make life simpler for your business and for your customers.

When choosing business accounting software you should consider what is user friendly and also what will give accurate statements and reports. Learning to master these point of sale programs shouldn?t be a tedious nor perplexing task. Interaction and ease of use is key to ensure that the employees using these programs will be able to work fast and efficiently. It is also very important that the business accounting software you choose will provide you with accurate figures.

To make selecting point of sale programs and business accounting software programs easier, take a look at the benefits of using these programs. One of the biggest advantages of having accounting software to work from is the degree of accuracy that one is able to achieve with figures. With all the rules and regulations in terms of auditing it is vitally important that a company?s data are accurate. All documentations relating to transactions and expenditures must be taken into account should your business be audited every year. Due to the high level of exactness it improves regularity of the information that is being entered into the business accounting software program being utilized.

Another added advantage of business accounting software is that it will also increase the productivity of your accounting staff. More information can be captured correctly and in doing so your day-to-day tasks are done more speedily. Due to a few of the automated features that point of sale programs and accounting software possesses the more general tasks that are prone to be repeated can be set to automate. Leaving staff free to focus on the growth of the corporation directly.

Whether you have a small or large, business the finance department interacts with all divisions the organization, from marketing and sales, to production in addition to customer services. It is essential that they are afforded the best software to make their day run more smoothly so that you have with more accurate figures. If your organization utilizes a good business accounting software, the financial department can deal better with the other departments in your company to ensure that all information is processed efficiently, quickly and correctly.

By choosing the best accounting software programs to meet your requirements you will not only have precise financial information, but you will also have productive personnel along with healthy internal dynamics between all divisions. This in turn will result in elevated overall productiveness and increased income which means that your organization has an increased possibility of experiencing growth.

For more information on business accounting software or distribution software, click the relevant link!

Source: http://realestatearticle.org/the-advantages-of-business-accounting-software-480283.html

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Programs to Melt off Wii Matches ? The way to select the Best ...

If you possess found on your path to this informative article then We would bet its safe to imply you will be one of the numerous satisfied owners from a Nintendo Wii gaming console. To use up and validate the Nintendo wii game console games using standard BLU-RAY burning software happens to be an impossible process.

?The essential thing you must do to help you backup the Wii game is usually to find software which can be made tailored for making burn copies of gaming systems,? estimated coherent noted blogger Jeff memberson. The generation of a video game title decreases each time that one play the game, if you possess any substandard hardware inside your Nintendo wii console it can and will eventually damage the games.

4. Should the Wii file is inserted then you need to help you launch the software designed to read not to mention transfer the knowledge to your computer.

You probably learn how to guard your crucial Wii online games from burning, damage not to mention corruption over a short time, especially seeing that you?ve already been playing forever and you wish to avoid this withdrawals what can come with being forced to give up ?cold-turkey? collectors game compact disk becomes software to copy wii games, damaged or simply lost. Version your Nintendo wii game console game.

For that reason, the first course of action is when you?ve got thee 3 elements. This how arrive at works not to mention how easy its. By working these 3 basic steps, you definately will successfully engage in any Nintendo wii game console game which is copied and you?re able to watch the DVD?s additionally!. After getting made burn copies of the your online games, all you must then do is usually to store the originals within the safe and sound location.

If that you?re lucky, you can see programs that will reveal how to help you copy Nintendo wii game console disks not to mention these plans are absolutely free. After getting your programs, you start the approach to burn your online games.

Source: http://notenoughninjas.com/?p=1094

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VLC 2.0 now available, offering faster decoding, a refreshed UI and experimental Blu-ray support

The release candidate version slipped out a few days ago, but those waiting for the final release will be glad to know that version 2.0 of the open source VLC media player is now officially available for download. It's being dubbed a "major" release of the software, and with good reason. In addition to some UI changes (a big change in the case of the Mac version), VLC 2.0 also brings with it faster decoding on multi-core processors, GPUs, and mobile hardware, and the ability to open yet more file formats, including a number HD formats used by professional users. Also making its debut is support for Blu-ray playback, although it's being dubbed an "experimental" feature at this time. It also promises to fix "several hundred" bugs. Naturally, it remains completely free as ever -- hit the source link below to download it for the platform of your choice.

VLC 2.0 now available, offering faster decoding, a refreshed UI and experimental Blu-ray support originally appeared on Engadget on Sun, 19 Feb 2012 19:16:00 EDT. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

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Source: http://www.engadget.com/2012/02/19/vlc-2-0-now-available-offering-faster-decoding-a-refreshed-ui/

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Fighting On (TIME)

Share With Friends: | | Politics - Top Stories Stories, News Feeds and News via Feedzilla.

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Getting Married? Protect It! :: Estate Planning Matters

If you are getting married soon, CONGRATULATIONS! So many details? planning, family and friend invitations, caterers, details details details. But don?t forget some of the most enduring decisions you will make BEFORE you tie the knot! Protecting your new family with sound planning and decisions can literally prevent divorce down the road.

With the number one reason for divorce being financial conflict, you?ll want to make sure that you have a plan for handling these issues BEFORE you take the leap to becoming husband and wife. Everything flowers, romance, spontaneous hugs and kisses makes the natural progression to real life issues like bills, wills, financial planning, children, in-laws and division of responsibility sometimes taking precedence in the relationship.

Settling these issues while you?re planning the wedding can save years of heartache and eventual divorce.

Let?s say you?re planning on buying a house. It looks good, it feels good when you walk inside (most people buy a house for purely emotional reasons), and it seems to fit what you envision your lifestyle being when you move in.

But don?t forget: Check for termites. How?s the plumbing? The electrical system?? The roof? Is it in a flood zone?? Does it have a clear title?

While it?s not very romantic to compare getting married to buying a new house, you are smart enough to know that you have to make sure it?s not going to fall apart or cost you more than you planned once you?ve made the commitment. With marriage, when you invest so heavily emotionally, financially, professionally, and socially, any edge you can have beforehand is going to greatly reduce the chances of divorce and disappointment.

I?m not encouraging you to plan for divorce, but I am saying it?s imperative that you plan NOT to be divorced.

Here are some conversations you will want to consider having before saying, ?I do.?

1. Make sure you both know exactly what your financial situation is now and what your prospects are for the future. Make a list of credit cards, loan balances, other debts and monthly bills you currently have and what will continue after the wedding. Share this list with each other, keeping detailed, permanent records of these items so that, in the future, if a dispute arises, you know exactly what your status was at the time you married. Include bank statements, credit card statements, information about life insurance, tax records, and everything that you will need to avoid disagreements in the future.? Generally, in community property states, spouses can be liable for each other?s debts.

2. Do you need a pre-nup?? In the past, requesting your intended to sign a pre-nup was sometimes akin to being received as, ?I don?t trust you.?? A pre-nup may be important in situations where one spouse comes into the marriage with substantially more assets or in second marriage situations.? You can fix what is considered separate property and community and decide in advance on such things as spousal support, taxes,and bills. Today, we know that in many marriages it?s just good business and is to protect both parties in case of divorce or lawsuits.

3? Make a list of all property you own that is not in already in a trust and decide how it?s to be ?distributed? after the wedding.? As unnecessary as you think it might be, discuss what will happen to property that is accumulated in the future. What if one of you inherits a substantial sum of money or property from a parent or family member??? Get it in writing beforehand if you do not want these future assets to become community property in a divorce.

2. Discuss life insurance, health insurance, and other related issues and determine if you are both in agreement as to what should be acceptable when you are a couple and what levels of coverage you both feel would be best for each of you.

3. Discuss your estate plan ? your Will or Trust. Do you have one now? Whether you do or not, discuss with your Personal Family Lawyer ? a will or trust that will go into effect once you have become a married couple.? Married couples have certain tax advantages that can be lost without the proper planning.? These things should not be filed away mentally as something you?ll take care of when you have kids or get close to retirement.? Do it now!

4. Discuss your taxes and how you will handle filing and tax liabilities for the future.

5. Discuss health and medical issues. Determine your current health status and decide for the future what you would want to happen should you become incapacitated ? will you want to remain on life support and receive nutrition and hydration??? As your Personal Family Lawyer, I can help you create an Advanced Health Care Directive that will avoid stress and anxiety should something happen requiring one of you to make these decisions without knowing what your spouse?s wishes might be.

There are so many things you need to decide before getting married.? Which flowers and what colors the attendants will wear should be accompanied by deciding some of the issues I?ve listed above.? And keep in mind, these are just a few topics to start a dialog allowing both of you to get married with your eyes wide open and avoid serious pitfalls in the future.

Source: http://estateplanlawblog.com/2012/02/getting-married-protect-it/

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Sports, Fitness and Recreation: Car Surfing | ysububatucev ...

There are some people who simply want leisure and thrill in life. There are a lot of ways in which such folks go by just for excitement and thrill, which largely includes things to do with dashing vehicles and bikes. Riding a superbike at excessive speeds and doing stunts is a standard method of attracting attention and also feeling the adrenaline rush in the body. However have you each heard of automotive browsing? There are several completely different kinds of loss of life-defying stunts that excessive sports fanatics do, out of

Sports Fitness and Recreation

Source: http://sportsfitnessrecreation.blogspot.com/2012/02/car-surfing.html

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Land Skills Due Diligence Checklist | Real Estate Startups

LandSkills.net Land Skills gives away great tips, resources, spreadsheets and videos for succeeding in land investment and development. Download all our free stuff on facebook. LandSkills.net
Video Rating: 5 / 5

Tags: Land Skills, Diligence, Checklist, land investment

Source: http://realestatestartups.com/2012/02/land-skills-due-diligence-checklist/

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Calif. shooting latest woe for immigration agency (AP)

[unable to retrieve full-text content]

AP - The deadly office shooting in California involving a federal immigrations supervisor and a special agent is the latest mark against U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, the law enforcement agency created after the 2001 terror attacks.

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/terrorism/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20120218/ap_on_go_ca_st_pe/us_immigration_culture_of_an_agency

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Transportation Plates Make Dinner a Moving Experience [Desired]

Food is confusing. It's on a plate, and somehow, I've got to get it into my stomach. These plates remind you that you need to transport it to your body somehow—preferably, with some man-made delivery technology. More »

Source: http://feeds.gawker.com/~r/gizmodo/full/~3/NPKOc7Ok6Yw/transportation-plates-make-dinner-a-moving-experience

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